She had been a patient at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans, where she had received a battery of tests to determine whether she was a good candidate for surgery. Forced out of the city by Katrina and not having heard about the test results, she visited an Ochsner regional office in Baton Rouge where Brooks worked.

"She thought she'd have to repeat all her tests because she assumed that her records had been destroyed," says Brooks. "She cried in relief when she discovered that they were online. It turned out that she was a good candidate for surgery, and the operation was a success."

While paper charts of untold thousands of Gulf Coast patients were washed away or irretrievably damaged by the floodwaters of Katrina, the EHR lived up to its promise, and not just for the Ochsner Clinic Foundation. Doctors in the Veterans Health Administration in facilities from coast to coast had medication and problem lists at their fingertips as they treated thousands of veterans who had fled hurricane-pounded areas. The EHR system for the VHA, a work in progress for the past 20 years, has been touted as a model for the entire US healthcare system.

In contrast, the sorry limits of paper were on full display in the wake of Katrina, as well as Hurricane Rita that followed. "I treated evacuees who weren't with Ochsner, so I went without a chart," says Brooks. "I'd ask, 'What kind of cancer do you have?' and they'd reply, 'I don't know.' They didn't know the names of their medications. And it wasn't just ignorant or poor people who were in the dark."

Meanwhile, doctors like New Orleans internist David Myers realized just how vulnerable paper records can be. Floodwaters rose 5 feet in his office, sparing the thousand or so charts above the water line, but ruining those below it. "When I left the city, I didn't take the charts with me because I didn't have enough room in my car," says Myers, adding that he didn't expect the severe flooding that occurred.

If Myers had been a digital doctor, he could have copied his records on a tape, CD, or Zip disk and slipped that in his pocket before he drove off. As it is, his waterlogged charts will be incinerated. Other doctors, like FP Regina Benjamin in hard-hit Bayou La Batre, AL, managed to dry thousands of soaked paper charts in the sun. "I wish I had had an EHR," says Benjamin, "but I couldn't afford one."